Greeshma belongs to a small village Mangalavada, which is on the foothills of the historical Nidagal forest range in Pavagada taluk, Karnataka. We have designed the ecovillage into a natural farming collective cum managed farmland endeavour, aimed at producing poisonless food for the ecovillagers as well as the masses.
While collectives, by and large showcase sound ecological sensitivity, managed farmlands are more populistic and profit-oriented. To draw the best of both worlds, we seat collectives as custodians of managed farmlands. The result will be an ecologically sound yet impactful sustainability program that's far-reaching in terms of socio-economic equity.
Pavagada taluk belongs to a warm-semi-arid Köppen classification BSh, and receives a daily solar insolation of @5.5kWh/m2/day making it the solar energy hub of India; no surprise that the taluk currently houses world's 3rd largest solar power plant.
The region receives an annual rainfall of 47cm/year, a 100-year average, with a standard deviation of 19cm. With recent changes in climate, the region receives good rains post-monsoon emanating from Bay of Bengal. At places, occasional hailstorms have left soils deeply eroded and barren. Much needed are soil and water conservation practises here.
The soil is gravely-red-sandy loam marked by rare rock outcrops, borne out of Gneissic granite. The subterranean soil structure often stands on a shallow, weathered, soft bedrock. This offers a great deal of opportunities for rainwater harvesting from the subterranean water flow and storing water in naturally sealed pond lining.
We have designed the ecovillage to be an ever-expanding project. With an increasing number of interested families to be a part of this endeavour, plus more and more lands being available near the ecovillage up for sale/lease, we can always expand and take in more people incessantly. This way, we intend to make our sustainability program impactful.
Any interested families can get landholdings &/ partner with the collective to entail themselves a place in the ecovillage. As an expression of interest, one may fill out the Google form or WhatsApp us in case of any queries. Options available are as follows:
Managed farmplots (individual holdings)
Land owners
Lessees
Collective ownership
Partners
Investors
The collective entity will be in the LLP format and will manage & maintain both collective holdings as well as earmarked farmplots, according to members' expectations. Members will have the freedom to migrate from Individual ownership to Collective ownership anytime and vice versa*
*conditions applyPhysical operations started on 14thFeb'22; and the collective formalization activities are running in parallel.
– Collective
Incorporation of the LLP firm "Nysagric Consortium of Ecovillages" is under progress with 9.5acres of collective holdings, 1 managing partner, 1 working partner & 3 investors, expected to be complete by Aug'2024. This will be a unified marketing brand that caters to all the current & would-be Ecovillages under Nysagric Umbrella. Greeshma Ecovillage will be its maiden project.
– Managed farmplots
Currently, there are 3 independent landowners with holdings 1acre each (clear earmarking) in the Ecovillage.
Further expansion
Lands in close proximity to the Ecovillage are identified for outright purchase. We can start negotiating with the landowners once there are a single lot of takers for 5~6 acres
Lands for long-term lease also are identified adjacent to the Ecovillage. The collective entity will take the lease on behalf of individuals to save them unnecessary paperwork. Interested individuals can approach the collective for subleasing the plots
To explore membership options in detail, please expand the following sections
These will be in a gated premises and assisted by insitu labour. Individual plot owners can carry out their own farming interventions. This setup is best suited for individuals who would like to run their farm unto their own terms.
During the course of individual homesteading, if one would like to be a part of the collective effort, they may do so anytime by contributing to the working capital of the collective. Such partnership will not deprive the individual ownership of land, but there are terms and conditions; for more details please reach out to the collective.
Step 1: Please join the focus group on WhatsApp
Lands will be continuously identified in close proximity to the ecovillage that are up for sale.
Indviduals will be pooled up in a focus group. The focus groups can negotiate with land owners and agree upon prices.
Once a cumulative requirement for 5~6acres gets collected, land purchase processes can start
Step 2: Lands nearby ecovillage are bought-out by individuals
Land price: starts @₹10~11 lakh/acre + Registration fee at actuals for undeveloped plots. Developed ones may command 2~5 lakhs more per acre.
Clear earmarking of surveyed farm plots by means of exclusive sale deeds registered with the taluk sub-registrar. Buyers will have a separate khata/pahani in their name pertaining to the farm plot they own.
Less than 10% of the farm plot will go to common facilities like roads, irrigation lines etc., to be shared with the fellow ecovillagers.
Step 3: The collective entity is hired to look after their farms:
Onetime development charges: This onetime charge of ~₹2 lakh/acre (may vary on actuals) is intended towards common facilities development, to be shared amongst the fellow ecovillagers, namely
Drought proofing the ecovillage by Farmponds for rainwater harvesting. The land for digging the farmpond will be taken from the collective patches. So, individual owners may have to compensate the same; please refer Variable costs section.
Centralized irrigation system with Transformer & water distribution network will be created etc.,
Basic Fencing with rock posts & barbed wire
Internal access roads (elevated mud roads) etc.,
Basic fee (compulsory): ₹12k /acre/year – This entitles the individual owners with the following services
Basic Farm security
Supervision of farm operations and labour arrangement (labour charges extra)
The available 1R labour house can shared with other ecovillagers as a temporary accomodation while working on your farm.
Support for marketing of the farm produce (natural farming)
Variable costs: One may choose to manage these themselves
Farmpond water rationing: @₹100/5000lit
One may require irrigation water of 5~15lakh liters/acre/year based on individual farm design.
Labour charges: Wages @actuals + Food & beverages to the labour
Construction assistance for houses or any such facilities would be provided by the collective on a cost basis
Agronomical consultancy
Step 4: Reap all that comes out of your land, No more share to be given to the collective.
Returns for individual farming:
(Read disclaimer)
Using permaculture methods, one can establish a self-sufficient revenue model that can yield 25⁺% annual returns on the Working capital. Please get agronomical consultancy if you want to increase your success rate.
Works very similar to option 1 except for the following:
Lease price: varies between ₹3,000~10,000/acre/year for undeveloped plots. The collective entity will take the lease on behalf of individuals to save them unnecessary paper work. Individuals would sublease plots from the collective
If the lessor sells the land in future, you may buy it for yourself
This mode is suited for those who recognise the benefit of collective efforts. Moreover, this setup doesn't require all the participating individuals to have expertise in farming and allied activities, yet offers a risk-free collective farming opportunity to individuals.
Members who put in Working Capital (WC) for the development of the collective holdings will be partners in the LLP and are eligible for a share in the collective entity's profit after tax and other expenses. Following are the two ways, one can become a Partner -
By investing money in the Collective Entity (LLP) for the sole purpose of revenue generation from following streams
Farming on the collective land holdings & agricultural commodity selling
Providing farm management services to individual land owners (managed farm plots)
Farm development & reselling as managed farm plots
Individual landowners lease out their land to the Collective Entity (LLP) for long-term, with assets (other than land) therein that are intended towards revenue generation being capitalized to calculate their share in the total Working Capital of the LLP. In the case of greenfield developments, the Working Capital needs to be put in as liquid money by the lessor, aligning to point 1.
The LLP so formed would unify landholdings through long-term leases, in a collective farming mode with a profit-sharing arrangement on all the value streams of the collective entity. The control of shared facilities like farm ponds, access roads, labour quarters etc., will be held by the collective. The collective will be responsible for managing farm activities, drought proofing, agri marketing, value addition endeavours, agronomical consulting and securing the entire Ecovillage, including earmarked zones. In other words, we seat the collectives as custodians of managed farmlands.
Step 1: One needs to put in Working Capital (WC) by contributing money or assets (other than land) or both to be a partner. In either case, partners are treated as equals for the purposes of business
Step 2: Each partner will get an exclusive DIN(director identification number), DSC(digital signature certificate) using which, he/she becomes a director in "Nysagric Consortium of Ecovillages LLP", by means of a sub-deed amendment with the Registrar of Companies.
One has to be careful to choose this (Option3), if your current employer forbids participation in any profit making endeavours acting as directors, such cases, please choose from other options available or choose someone from your family to represent you on the board.
In case partners (land owners) want to pull out of the partnership in between, they cannot walk out with land, but will have to compensate the LLP for the development expenses that are incurred. The new partners are subject to acceptance by the remaining members. This method can also be used for migrating from collective ownership to earmarking, given the opportunities at a point in time
All the land owning partners, except for the managing director, will have their participation limited to the project, in other words, a specific ecovillage. For instance, although one is a partner in the "Nysagric Consortium of Ecovillages LLP", their partnership would be limited to "Greeshma Ecovillage". Such ones cannot claim any profit or control in other ecovillage endeavours in other places and/or endeavours with another set of partners and Investors in any place
As we are making it an ever-expanding project, there will be frequent annexation of lands at varying states of development plus multiple individuals joining and/or leaving. So, we rationalize the shareholdings in terms of working capital rather than land area. Please note, the later one joins, more will be the price one has to shell out to get a unit share
Other terms:
Construction of houses and other personal amenities, if need be, shall be done by the individuals at their own expenses, on their plots aligning to government rules
Shared facilities creation shall be done by the collective, taking a consensus of all the members of the collective. The monetary contribution for such facilities can be drawn as additional investment from the ecovillagers and/or external investors. Such investments are not considered to be Working Capital contributions and will not alter the share holdings in the LLP. The construction site, as well as the buildings, will remain an asset of the collective forever.
Emphasis will be given to decision-making processes that are more inclusive and democratic. Nevertheless, if the partners fail to come up with a unanimous decision on any matter, the Designated Partners can intervene and take decisions unilaterally
Here, individual participation is not limited by the extent of one's shareholdings. Despite having a dedicated workforce to operate the farm, one can create his/her own farming intervention and other allied value streams within the ambit of the ecovillage's core principles
With several value streams running on the ground, there will be opportunities for individual family members to be remunerated for their contribution in their relevant area of work
Partial Capital withdrawals or full withdrawals during exits/resignations of members will be as per the terms and conditions as stated in the firm's Article of Incorporation.
The effort aims to create a communion among people of various walks of life, who share a common interest in natural farming, sustainable homesteading, community building activities, rural recreation, ecotourism/trekking trails, environmental remediation & restoration etc.,
The conditions for this are very similar to option 3, except for the following differences.
An individual with lesser than a predetermined threshold Working Capital (WC) contribution
There's is no decision-making authority given to investors.
There will be no DIN, DSC for investors; so, any individual having constraints for participating in profit-making endeavours by virtue of their current employment may choose this option
With good amount of water in hand, we finished off to create a new Five layer Arecanut plantation in 3acres, taking cues from SPNF 5-layer tree plantation layouts
Climax vegetation will look like this -
Canopy layer:
– Arecanut – 1500 (middle)
– Coconut – 100 (border)
Second story:
– Gliricidia – 700
– Coffee – 1500
– Banana – 700
– Papaya – 800
Climbers:
– Black pepper – 1500(with Areca)
– Vanilla – 700(with Gliricidia)
Ground Cover: As required
Land preparation activities are ON since 14th Feb'22, expected to be complete by May end -
Farm pond: Storage area - 400 ft x 100 ft ≈ 1 acre, Depth ~ 10 ft
Storage volume - 75 lakh litre
Catchment area ~18 acres
Elevated mud road: Length - 1500 ft, Width - 20 ft, Height 3ft... The same mud road will serve as the tank bund (7ft height) to contain the water inside the farm pond
Land terracing: 7 terraces (4acres for earmarked zone, 4acres in collective zone)
Net & Pan (instead of swales): 36 banana circles in Mango groove, will be made operational
Greeshma Ecovillage: Farm pond 1.0
There were lots of learnings that a month of excavation work gave us, albeit being monotonous plus arduous. Seeing the video, one can see how devastating earthworks could be... but there is no choice, life has to begin taking other lives. Only thing is we need to ensure that we are creating much more green than we destroyed. Details -
- Area of the pond 400'x100' = ~1 acre: We designed it as a long and narrow furrow stretching into and along the natural valley on the farm, despite an expert suggestion to make it across the water path which will intercept multiple flow paths.
- There were three intents in doing that -
One was to shorten the earthen dam wall and increase the height instead (every foot increase gives us an extra 1 lakh litre room).
The second was to reduce the amount of earth to be displaced, as any valley floor is always low lying.
The third reason... the most preferred location for the farm pond is a point slightly below the key point in a valley; which means that the highest slope is already over and you have reached a valley floor that is more gentle in slope. This also means that you get lots of good soil that's sedimented over long years... This we could clearly see while excavating the soil
- And yes, as expected we could only harness only one primary valley and the other one we'll have to intercept using a swale and divert the water into the pond. That valley is very much potent as in it currently feeds an open well that's full to its brim even in these sunny days
- On the sidewalls of the pond... We had done a 3D CAD model of the pond beforehand with 45° slope on the sides and 10° in the upstream direction. While it looks all well on the paper, physically it felt like we shouldn't go more than 25° slope on the sides and the dam wall. And the upstream can be given a gentle slope of 5°, which will help tractors/trucks move in and out easily and will keep the erosion in check as this is the main inlet to the pond
- Excavation considerations - the excavator to be stationed always on the top. You need to burrow into the ground as deep as possible and cover the entire ground before you go to the next lower step. Next step, you alight into next common level and create next lower level depression standing atop. If you do the opposite, that is, you excavate a mound standing below - first thing is, the rate of excavation reduces to half, second.. tractors have to travel up and down the lower platform which is a waste of time and fuel, third.. there are chances that the lower level ground is wet which will make it harder for the vehicles to traverse through it. Dozing is not preferred from time and fuel consumption points of view.
- Always, have some amount of good soil left to be excavated upstream. Rocky subsoil that comes out of deeper layers of the pond would have gotten onto the farm plots as landfill, sorting them out is additional work. The good soil leftover upstream will help cover up such soil with finer soil
- Regarding topsoil being covered by huge piles of subsoil: we might have two options here.. If the topsoil is carbon-rich and/or fine textured than the subsoil, please scrape it out first and keep it aside, later to be used to cover up the landfills. If the topsoil is degraded and if you can still get finer soil beneath, just go ahead and submerge the topsoil with subsoil.. no need to be guilty here. The subsoil is often rich in minerals, if not carbon, which is much better than leached out barren topsoil. You'll find yourself in the latter situations in high rainfall regions as well as overgrazed and eroded dryland pastures.
Mangoes harvested 1.5tonnes... Benishan, Totapuri, Raspuri, Badami etc.,
Construction started for a labour house of size 25'x15' on the farm to be used by the family of farm supervisor cum security.
The house is supplied with borewell water, which is very soft and sweet; plus there's an UPS to cater to power shutdowns.
The success of the first Net & Pan layout, is planned to be repeated on a 4-acre patch, to freshly establish a new fruit orchard. Started initially with manual labour and later switched to the excavator.
The property had 100+ mango trees that were 15+ years old on a patch of 1.3acre. Their growth was extremely stunted owing to wreckless pruning by local shepherds, plus deeply eroded shallow soil profile and the absence of irrigation.
Two permaculture design elements were employed to bring about remediation to the landscape and revive the trees
Banana circle
Net & Pan layout
A total of 36 pits of size 6'x6'x3' were dug using an excavator, at the centroid of every other 4 mango trees. That comes down to one free path for vehicle movement every alternate lane both row-wise and column-wise. Each pit was connected to adjacent pits on all four sides by shallow channels, which essentially forms a Net and Pan layout.
During each rain event, the runoff water ends up in the nearest pit; and only the excess water overflows to fill other adjacent pits evenly hydrating the entire landscape, for a long time.
We initially filled the pits with mulberry stalks brought from outside to start with. This makes each pit a micro compost pit from which the trees can draw nutrients and water.
In search of poison-less food, we five families organised as an informal SHG, tried procuring vegetables directly from natural farmers. The scale of our demand was too less to be fulfilled by anyone for all the varietal needs of a typical kitchen. So we set out to grow our own vegetables. The questions before us were - How to grow? Where to grow?
While we did answer these questions for ourselves by piloting for a year, we could come up with strategies on natural farming and business structure to create a socio-ecological framework on which agro-economy can thrive sustainably.
Attached here is the white paper submitted to PMO in Aug'2020, towards drawing policy support for this new intervention
Nysagric Consortium of Ecovillages LLP,
Greeshma Collective,
Mangalavada village, Nidagal hobli
Pavagada taluk, Tumakuru district
Karnataka -572116 INDIA
Email: pe@nysagric.com
Phone: +91 83102 17227
For membership, please fill in the Google form or WhatsApp us in case of any queries